Pigouvian replacement for carbon market

I heard a very interesting Pigouvian solution for a lot of auto regs and fuel subsidies.  Basically for each class of car (subcompact, sedan, SUV, sports coupe) there would be an average CAFÉ standard that every brand has to achieve (just like there is now), which would go up a little bit each year (which is much better for the automakers than passing a huge increase once a decade).   

But here is the Pigouvian part.  Let’s say you buy a car where the average for that type is 30 mpg but the model you buy is 20mpg.  You would pay a higher federal excise tax to cover all the costs of removing the extra pollution from the air that you are creating (and the more dependent you make us on middle east dictators).  But it would be revenue neutral.  If you buy the model that is 40 mpg (which must exist if the average is 30 and some are 20), you get a rebate for the same amount, to give you back the money you are saving the government on removing pollution from the air (and dependence on middle east dictators).  So it is not an added tax because it gets rebated to other drivers.  And it doesn’t favor one kind of fuel over another (high mileage coal would get the same rebate as solar, wind, or electric).  It’s all based on performance. And we would all still have free choice to buy whatever we prefer.

I like this.  What do you think?